Requirements for the application of total quality in the university educational system in light of the information and technological revolution

A B S T R A C T Purpose: This study aims to identify the requirements for the application of total quality in the university educational system in light of the information and technological revolution. Methods: The qualitative analytical descriptive approach was used, the limitations of which are restricted to higher education institutions. Results: The study concluded the need for a feasible and effective educational system, centered on the student through his interaction and active participation, in which computer technologies and information and communication technology represented in local networks and the global Internet play a promising role based on the concept and philosophy oftotal quality in education. Conclusions: It is concluded that the nature of modern business requires educational and academic institutions to prepare students with a different set of skills other than those adopted by the old education system. The shape of educational institutions will be very different from what it is now, and the shape of the classroom will differ so that there will be a computer for each student, and departments in faculties will be able to communicate with different libraries to get what they want from references, scientific materials or educational software, and the shape of the course will differ from the usual It is likely that it will be replaced by a floppy or optical disk, and there will be a new type of teacher and students.

Objetivo: Identificar os requisitos para a aplicação da qualidade total no sistema educacional universitário à luz da revolução tecnológica e da informação. Métodos: Foi utilizada a abordagem descritiva analítica qualitativa, cujas limitações se restringem às instituições de ensino superior Resultados: O estudo concluiu a necessidade de um sistema educacional viável e eficaz, centrado no estudante através de sua interação e participação ativa, no qual as tecnologias de informática e de informação e comunicação representadas em redes locais e na Internet global desempenham um papel promissor baseado no conceito e na filosofia da qualidade total na educação. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a natureza das empresas modernas exige que as instituições educacionais e acadêmicas preparem os estudantes com um conjunto de habilidades diferentes daquelas adotadas pelo antigo sistema educacional. A forma das instituições educacionais será muito diferente do que é agora, e a forma da sala de aula será diferente de modo que haverá um computador para cada aluno, e os departamentos das faculdades poderão se comunicar com diferentes bibliotecas para obter o que desejam das referências, materiais científicos ou software educacional, e a forma do curso será diferente do habitual.

Objetivo: Identificar os requisitos para a aplicação da qualidade total no sistema educacional universitário à luz da revolução tecnológica e da informação. Métodos: Foi utilizada a abordagem descritiva analítica qualitativa, cujas limitações se restringem às instituições de ensino superior. Resultados: O estudo concluiu a necessidade de um sistema educacional viável e eficaz, centrado no estudante através de sua interação e participação ativa, no qual as tecnologias de informática e de informação e comunicação representadas em redes locais e na Internet global desempenham um papel promissor baseado no conceito e na filosofia da qualidade total na educação. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a natureza das empresas modernas exige que as instituições educacionais e acadêmicas preparem os estudantes com um conjunto de habilidades diferentes daquelas adotadas pelo antigo sistema educacional. A forma das instituições educacionais será muito diferente do que é agora, e a forma da sala de aula será diferente de modo que haverá um computador para cada aluno, e os departamentos das faculdades poderão se comunicar com diferentes bibliotecas para obter o que desejam das referências, materiais científicos ou software educacional, e a forma do curso será diferente do habitual.

Propuesta de requisitos generales para el sistema de gestión documental de la Universidad de La Habana / Proposal of general requirements for the document management system at the University of Havana

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue proponer una especificación de requisitos generales para el sistema de gestión documental de la Universidad de La Habana consecuente con un ejercicio de gobierno más responsable, abierto, transparente e inclusivo, con un enfoque orientado a la rendición de cuentas y a un mayor control social. La investigación presentó un diseño descriptivo y un enfoque mixto, con predominio cualitativo. Para contribuir al desarrollo de un sistema de información que creara capacidades sobre la base de información de calidad en esta institución, el estudio se basó en la triangulación de dos metodologías: una desde el dominio de la gestión documental y otra desde la ingeniería de requisitos. Como resultado, se presentaron 22 elementos y 201 requisitos, entre funcionales y no funcionales, con un carácter flexible y modular, que deben ser establecidos para el funcionamiento efectivo del sistema de gestión documental de esta Universidad(AU)

The purpose of the study was to propose a general requirements specification for the document management system at the University of Havana, in keeping with more responsible, open, transparent and inclusive governance, an accountability-oriented approach and greater social control. The research had a descriptive design, a mixed approach and qualitative predominance. To contribute to the development of an information system which would build capacities on the basis of quality information in this institution, the study was based on the triangulation of two methodologies: one from the document management domain and the other from requirements engineering. As a result, 22 items and 201 requirements were presented, both functional and non-functional, of a flexible and modular nature, which should be established for the effective operation of the document management system at this university(AU)

Estrategia de desarrollo de requisitos no funcionales en aplicaciones para la salud / Strategy for developing non-functional requirements in health applications

El desarrollo de software para la salud es complejo. Los Requisitos No Funcionales son especialmente importantes en este tipo de sistemas cuyos fallos causan un daño significativo que puede llegar a repercutir en la salud de las personas. Sin embargo, con frecuencia estos requisitos son subestimados debido a que resultan ser más complejos y requieren un mayor nivel de conocimiento y esfuerzo. El presente artículo describe una estrategia de desarrollo de requisitos no funcionales en aplicaciones para la salud, acorde a los requisitos definidos en la norma ISO/IEC 25030 y a los modelos de calidad de producto y procesos ISO/IEC 25010 y CMMI para desarrollo respectivamente. Los principales resultados se relacionan con la definición de acciones, métodos y técnicas que orientan las actividades de desarrollo de estos requisitos cuya puesta en práctica contribuye a mejorar los atributos de calidad de las especificaciones de requisitos de software(AU)

Software development for health is complex. Non-Functional Requirements are especially important in these types of systems whose failures cause significant damage that can reaffect people's health. However, these requirements are often underestimated because they are more complex and require a higher level of knowledge and effort. This article describes a strategy for developing non-functional requirements in health applications, in accordance with the requirements defined in ISO / IEC 25030 and the product quality models and processes ISO / IEC 25010 and CMMI for Development respectively. The main results are the definition of actions, methods and techniques that guide the development activities of these requirements whose implementation contributes to improve the quality attributes of the software requirements specifications(AU)

Observancia de la ética en investigaciones presentadas en jornadas científicas del hospital clínico quirúrgico Joaquín Albarrán / Observance of ethics in research presented at the scientific conference of the Joaquín Albarrán Clinical Surgical Hospital

RESUMEN Introducción: A pesar de la existencia de normas éticas para la investigación biomédica, no siempre son respetadas cuando se realiza y presenta un estudio científico. Objetivo: Evaluar la observancia de los principios éticos en las investigaciones presentadas en las Jornadas Científicas del hospital Joaquín Albarrán de La Habana, Cuba, desde el año 2015 al 2018. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal evaluándose todas las investigaciones presentadas desde el año 2015 al 2018. Se valoraron los aspectos éticos que deberían cumplir y plasmarse en una investigación científica. El universo quedó conformado con 268 trabajos. Se evaluaron 5 aspectos validados por el criterio de 8 expertos en el tema. La calificación entre 5 y 8 puntos fue considerada de mal, entre 9 y 12 puntos regular y con 13 puntos buenos. Resultados: Hubo un discreto predominio en la participación de estudios de perfil clínico. La observancia de la ética fue calificada de mal en el 73,1% de las investigaciones. Predominaron los aspectos éticos evaluados con 1 punto (Mal), principalmente "la declaración de conflicto de intereses" que no se encontró en 230 estudios (85.8%). Conclusiones: La observancia de la ética en las investigaciones revisadas fue mala, por lo que es imprescindible realizar acciones de capacitación entre los profesionales y profesores que intervienen directamente en la formación del estudiantado y la realización de investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite the existence of ethical standards for biomedical research, they are not always respected when conducting and presenting a scientific study. Objective: To evaluate the observance of ethical principles in the research presented at Scientific Conferences held at Joaquín Albarrán Clinical Surgical Hospital in Havana, Cuba, from 2015 to 2018. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study evaluating all research works presented from 2015 to 2018. The ethical aspects that should be met and reflected in a scientific investigation were assessed. The universe was composed of 268 works. Five aspects validated by the criteria of 8 experts in the subject were evaluated. The score between 5 and 8 points was considered bad; between 9 and 12 points regular and, with 13 points, it was considered good. Results: There was a discrete predominance in the participation of clinical profile studies. The observance of ethics was rated as bad in 73.1% of the investigations. The ethical aspects evaluated with 1 point (Bad) predominated; "the declaration of conflict of interest" that was not found in 230 studies (85.8%). Conclusions: The observance of ethics in the research works reviewed was bad, so it is essential to carry out training actions among professionals and professors who are directly involved in the training of students and conducting research.

Percutaneous cardiological intervention and cardiac surgery: patient-centered care. Position statement of the Spanish Society of Cardiology.

The percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease and some structural cardiovascular diseases has undergone spectacular changes. More and more patients with different types of heart disease are being treated by percutaneous or transcatheter interventions, with no such increase in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This situation has led to different types of approach, requiring an objective analysis that includes all the factors possibly influencing these changes. This document assesses the 2 scenarios where this problem is most evident: coronary revascularization and the treatment of aortic stenosis. The document analyzes the situation of coronary revascularization in Spain, and the causes that may explain the differences between the number of patients who currently undergo percutaneous revascularization and those who undergo coronary surgery. In contrast, treatment of aortic stenosis through transcatheter aortic valve implantation will lead to a foreseeable reduction in the number of candidates for surgical replacement. Several international scientific societies have published the requirements on training and experience and the necessary operator and center volumes to implement a transcatheter aortic valve implantation program, conditions that the Spanish Society of Cardiology, adopting a patient-centered approach, considers absolutely essential. Given that the 2 forms of intervention (percutaneous and surgical) are complementary, multidisciplinary patient assessment (Heart Team) remains crucial to offer the best treatment option. In this scenario of diverse approaches, a key figure is the clinical cardiologist. Finally, the changes currently occurring in the treatment of structural heart disease will, in future, lead to the performance of procedures requiring the participation of professionals from both specialties. This approach will require a redesign of current training programs.

Clinical guideline on bone conduction implants. / Guía clínica sobre implantes de conducción de vía ósea.

INTRODUCTION AND GOALS: During the last decade there have been multiple and relevant advances in conduction and mixed hearing loss treatment. These advances and the appearance of new devices have extended the indications for bone-conduction implants. The Scientific Committee of Audiology of the Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello SEORL-CCC (Spanish Society of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery), together with the Otology and Otoneurology Committees, have undertaken a review of the current state of bone-conduction devices with updated information, to provide a clinical guideline on bone-conduction implants for otorhinolaryngology specialists, health professionals, health authorities and society in general. METHODS: This clinical guideline on bone-conduction implants contains information on the following: 1) Definition and description of bone-conduction devices; 2) Current and upcoming indications for bone conduction devices: Magnetic resonance compatibility; 3) Organization requirements for a bone-conduction implant programme. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of this guideline is to describe the different bone-conduction implants, their characteristics and their indications, and to provide coordinated instructions for all the above-mentioned agents for decision making within their specific work areas.

Infraestructura física para laboratorios en el área de ingeniería del software / Infraestrutura física para laboratórios na área de engenharia de software / Physical infrastructure for laboratories of the area of software engineering

Resumen Se presenta una propuesta del diseño de infraestructura física con los requerimientos mínimos necesarios para la construcción de un laboratorio que se adapte y facilite el desarrollo e implementación de estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje en las asignaturas de Ingeniería de requisitos y Gestión de proyectos informáticos del programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC); dicha propuesta surge a partir de la aplicación y validación de estrategias metodológicas basadas en los niveles de la taxonomía de Bloom, como también en los lineamientos definidos por la guía de conocimientos de ingeniería de software Swebok; por tal razón el artículo presenta el resultado de la investigación que conllevó a esta propuesta donde se proponen el diseño y las características principales de los espacios requeridos para el desarrollo de las actividades propias de la ingeniería de software en las asignaturas mencionadas, es así que se detalla una sala principal, sala de juntas y sala de entrevistas.

Abstract It presents a proposal for the design of physical infrastructure with the minimum requirements necessary for the construction of a laboratory that adapts to the development of the subjects of Requirements Engineering and Management of computer projects of the program of Systems Engineering and Computing of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), this proposal arose from the validation of teaching and learning strategies based on the levels of Bloom's taxonomy and the guidelines defined by the Swebok Software Engineering Knowledge Guide. In such a reason the article presents the design and characteristics of the main spaces for the development of the activities of software engineering in the subjects mentioned, so the main room, meeting room, and interview room are detailed.

Resumo Uma infraestrutura física projeto proposta com os requisitos mínimos para a construção de um laboratório que atende e facilitar o desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem nas disciplinas de Engenharia de Requisitos e programa de gerenciamento de projeto de TI é apresentado Engenharia de sistemas e Computação Pedagógico e Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC); Esta proposta decorre da aplicação e validação com base em níveis de taxonomia de Bloom, bem como nas orientações definidas pelo guia de estratégias metodológicas conhecimento software de engenharia SWEBOK; Por esta razão, o artigo apresenta os resultados do inquérito que conduziu a esta proposta, onde as características do projeto e principais dos espaços necessários para o desenvolvimento da engenharia próprio software nas disciplinas mencionadas actividades são propostas, de modo que detalha um salão principal, sala de reuniões e sala de entrevista.

Niveles de calcio para codornices en postura / Calcium levels in layers quail / Níveis de cálcio para codornas em postura

Resumen Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los niveles de calcio en la dieta sobre los parámetros productivos de codornices, fue realizado este trabajo en la Unidad de codornices de la Universidad de los Llanos, con 240 codornices de 75 días de edad y 151,9 ± 8,5 g de peso, durante 26 semanas, distribuidas en un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con cuatro tratamientos, seis repeticiones y 10 aves por repetición, para un total de 24 unidades experimentales. Las aves fueron alojadas en jaulas de alambre, en módulos de cinco pisos con tres divisiones por piso, dotadas de comederos lineales y bebederos automáticos. Los tratamientos fueron elaborados con inclusiones de carbonato de calcio (4,9; 5,28; 5,67 y 6,06) para constituir dietas con niveles de 2,30; 2,45; 2,60 y 2,75% de calcio. Los niveles de calcio influyeron (p<0,05) la producción de huevos (80,19; 81,76; 71,67 y 79,15%), el consumo diario de ración (24,26; 24,76; 24,50 y 24,53 g/ave/ día), la conversión alimenticia por docenas de huevo (0,333; 0,340; 0,389 y 0,347) y la conversión por masa de huevo (2,77, 2,84, 3,24 y 2,89). Sobre el peso del huevo (10,91; 10,69; 10,55 y 10,74 g) no hubo efectos (P>0,05). En conclusión, el nivel de calcio que permite obtener mejores parámetros productivos se estima en 2,48%.

Abstract In order to evaluate the effect of calcium levels in the diet on performance of quails it was performed this work in quail Unit of the University of the Llanos, with 240 quails 75 days old and 151.9 ± 8.5 g weight for 26 weeks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments, six replications and 10 birds per repetition, for a total of 24 experimental units. The birds were housed in wire cages, five-storey modules with three divisions per floor, equipped with linear feeders and automatic drinkers. Treatments were made by inclusions of limestone (4.9; 5.28; 5.67 and 6.06) for diets 2.30; 2.45; 2.60 and 2.75% calcium. Calcium levels influenced egg production (80.19, 81.76, 71.67 and 79.15%), daily feed intake (24.26; 24.76; 24.50 and 24.53 g / bird / day), feed conversion per dozen eggs (0.333, 0.340, 0.389 and 0.347) and mass conversion Egg (2.77, 2.84, 3.24 and 2.89) on egg weight (10.91; 10.69; 10.55 and 10.74 g) there was no effect (P> 0 05). In conclusion, the level of calcium that leads to better production parameters is 2.48%.

Resumo Para avaliar o efeito dos níveis de cálcio na dieta sobre os parâmetros produtivos de codornas, este trabalho foi realizado na Unidade de Codornas da Universidade dos Llanos, com 240 codornas de 75 dias de idade e 151,9 ± 8,5 g de peso, durante 26 semanas, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições e 10 aves por repetição, para um total de 24 unidades experimentais. As aves foram alojadas em gaiolas de arame, em módulos de cinco andares com três divisões por andar, equipadas com comedouros lineares e bebedouros automáticos. Os tratamentos foram elaborados com inclusões de carbonato de cálcio (4.9, 5.28, 5.67 e 6.06) para formar dietas com níveis de 2,30; 2,45; 2,60 e 2,75% de cálcio. Os níveis de cálcio influenciaram (p <0,05) a produção de ovos (80,19, 81,76, 71,67 e 79,15%), consumo diário de ração (24,26, 24,76, 24,50 e 24,53 g / ave / dia), a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos (0,333, 0,340, 0,389 e 0,347) e a conversão por massa de ovo (2,77, 2,84, 3,24 e 2,89). No peso do ovo (10,91, 10,69, 10,55 e 10,74 g), não houve efeitos (P> 0,05). Em conclusão, o nível de cálcio que permite obter melhores parâmetros produtivos é estimado em 2,48%.

La ingeniería del software y su aplicación en el análisis de indicadores de repetitividad y reproducibilidad de jueces, en el proceso de evaluación del perfil sensorial del licor de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad determinar indicadores de repetitividad, y reproducibilidad, entre grupos de jueces y jueces en forma individual, en procesos de evaluación del perfil sensorial del licor del cacao, con la implementación de un aplicativo, usando técnicas de ingeniería del software. Para lo anterior se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de investigación aplicada iniciando con la gestión de conocimiento, en el área de la evaluación sensorial del cacao, para la adaptación de un método de entrada y procesamiento de datos, en módulos de software, cuyos resultados de los indicadores mencionados, producto de dos sesiones realizadas, se compararon contra tablas t-student para verificar la existencia o no de diferencias significativas. Como resultado de la investigación, se comprobó que el entrenamiento aplicado a los jueces fue adecuado y que los juicios establecidos, en el proyecto de evaluación de modelos de siembra, son confiables y se garantiza que existe un grado de repetitividad para cada juez y de reproducibilidad entre jueces con un error para ambos, del 0.05%. Se pudo verificar que el uso de técnicas de gestión de conocimiento y de ingeniería del software, en eventos de análisis de indicadores en el proceso de evaluación del perfil sensorial del licor de cacao (Theobroma cacao L), garantizan la optimización de procedimientos relacionados con la recolección y procesamiento de datos y con la salida y validación de resultados.

This research had like principal objective to determine the indicators of repeatability and reproducibility between the groups of judges and the judges alone, on processes of evaluation of sensorial profile of the cocoa liquor with the use of an app using software engineering techniques. For this purpose, a descriptive study and an applied research was carried out starting with the knowledge management, in the area of sensorial evaluation of the cocoa, for the adaptation of a method of input and data processing, in software modules, whose outputs of mentioned indicators, result of two sessions performed, were compared against t-student tables to verify the existence or not of significant differences. As a result of the investigation, it was proved that the training of the judges was suitable and the established judgments on the project of evaluation of sowing models are trustable, and it is guaranteed that exists a repeatability degree for each judge and a reproducibility between judges with an error of 0,05% for both. It was verified with the use of knowledge management techniques and Software Engineering, in events of analysis of indicators on the process of evaluation of Sensorial Profile of Cocoa liquor (Theobroma cacao L), guarantee the optimization of procedures related with the collection and processing data and with the output and validation of results.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo determinar indicadores de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade entre grupos de juízes e juízes individualmente na avaliação processa perfil sensorial de licor de cacau, com a implementação de uma aplicação, utilizando técnicas de engenharia de software. Para o que precede, um estudo descritivo e pesquisa aplicada começando com a gestão de conhecimento na área da avaliação sensorial de cacau, para adaptar um método de entrada e processamento de dados em módulos de software, os resultados destes indicadores, produto de duas sessões realizadas, foram comparados com tabelas t-student para verificar a existência de diferenças significativas. Como resultado da investigação, verificou-se que o treinamento aplicado aos juízes foi adequada e que os ensaios estabelecidos no projecto de modelos de avaliação de plantio são de confiança e garante que há um grau de repetitividade para cada juiz e reprodutibilidade entre os juízes com um erro, para ambos 0,05%. Verificou-se que o uso de técnicas de gestão de conhecimento e engenharia de software, análise de eventos de indicadores na avaliação do perfil sensorial de licor de cacau (Theobroma cacao L), garantem a otimização dos procedimentos relativos à A recolha e processamento de dados e resultados de saída e validação.

Representaciones socioculturales de género y la promoción de cuadros en el sector de la salud, 2013-2016 / Socio-cultural gender representations and promotion of cadres in the health care sector, 2013-2016

Introducción: Las representaciones de género vinculadas a procesos de promoción a cargos de dirección, son expresión de contradicciones diarias desde la incorporación de las mujeres a espacios gerenciales; revelan la visión histórica sobre los roles socialmente asignados a ambos sexos. Objetivo: Identificar las representaciones socioculturales de los cuadros e investigadores/as, en relación con los requisitos que se tienen en cuenta en los procesos de promoción. Métodos: Investigación con enfoque mixto -2013 hasta 2016-, basada fundamentalmente en el paradigma cualitativo, en tres grupos de trabajo; se utilizó la revisión documental, entrevistas y cuestionarios para recoger la información, se conformaron bases de datos, se realizó el análisis descriptivo a través de distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Los datos cualitativos se examinaron por medio del análisis de contenido y del método inductivo deductivo. Resultados: Los requerimientos para ser seleccionados como cuadros están definidos en documentos legales. La formación técnica-profesional, experiencia, trayectoria laboral y el reconocimiento del desempeño en cargos anteriores, son requisitos considerados más frecuentes, que casi siempre se tienen en cuenta en la promoción. En los discursos de los cuadros se perciben otros requisitos que definen la selección. Conclusiones: Los requisitos en mujeres y hombres para promover como cuadros son iguales, al estar legalmente vigentes en el país, pero en los discursos se refleja influencia de las culturas sociales e institucionales en la promoción. En hombres, las representaciones estuvieron asociadas a responsabilidades de las mujeres con la atención a hijos y no con el reconocimiento a una cultura androcéntrica, como lo hacen las féminas(AU)

Introduction: Gender representations linked to processes of promotion to management posts express daily contradictions since the incorporation of women to management environments and reveal the historical vision on the roles that are socially assigned to both sexes. Objective: To identify the socio-cultural representations of cadres and researchers with respect to requisites to be considered for promotion processes. Methods: Mixed research study -2013 until 2016- based on the qualitative paradigm of three working groups; document review, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect information; databases were created and a descriptive analysis was made through absolute frequencies distributions and percentages. The content analysis and the induction-deduction method served to analyze the qualitative data. Results: The requisites for selection of cadres are defined in legal documents. The technical and professional formation, experience, length of time at work and recognition of performance in previous posts are considered as the most common requisites that are almost always taken into account for the promotion of a person. In the cadres´ discourses, other requisites are perceived as defining ones for such selection. Conclusions: The requisites for women and men in terms of promotion of cadres are the same according to the present national legislation, but the discourses show the influence of social and institutional cultures on the promotion. In males, the representations are associated to the women´s responsibilities in child care rather than to acceptance of androcentric culture as females do(AU)

Representaciones socioculturales de género y la promoción de cuadros en el sector de la salud, 2013-2016 / Socio-cultural gender representations and promotion of cadres in the health care sector, 2013-2016

Las representaciones de género vinculadas a procesos de promoción a cargos de dirección, son expresión de contradicciones diarias desde la incorporación de las mujeres a espacios gerenciales; revelan la visión histórica sobre los roles socialmente asignados a ambos sexos. Objetivo: Identificar las representaciones socioculturales de los cuadros e investigadores/as, en relación con los requisitos que se tienen en cuenta en los procesos de promoción. Métodos: Investigación con enfoque mixto -2013 hasta 2016-, basada fundamentalmente en el paradigma cualitativo, en tres grupos de trabajo; se utilizó la revisión documental, entrevistas y cuestionarios para recoger la información, se conformaron bases de datos, se realizó el análisis descriptivo a través de distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Los datos cualitativos se examinaron por medio del análisis de contenido y del método inductivo deductivo. Resultados: Los requerimientos para ser seleccionados como cuadros están definidos en documentos legales. La formación técnica-profesional, experiencia, trayectoria laboral y el reconocimiento del desempeño en cargos anteriores, son requisitos considerados más frecuentes, que casi siempre se tienen en cuenta en la promoción. En los discursos de los cuadros se perciben otros requisitos que definen la selección. Conclusiones: Los requisitos en mujeres y hombres para promover como cuadros son iguales, al estar legalmente vigentes en el país, pero en los discursos se refleja influencia de las culturas sociales e institucionales en la promoción. En hombres, las representaciones estuvieron asociadas a responsabilidades de las mujeres con la atención a hijos y no con el reconocimiento a una cultura androcéntrica, como lo hacen las féminas(AU)

Gender representations linked to processes of promotion to management posts express daily contradictions since the incorporation of women to management environments and reveal the historical vision on the roles that are socially assigned to both sexes. Objective: To identify the socio-cultural representations of cadres and researchers with respect to requisites to be considered for promotion processes. Methods: Mixed research study -2013 until 2016- based on the qualitative paradigm of three working groups; document review, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect information; databases were created and a descriptive analysis was made through absolute frequencies distributions and percentages. The content analysis and the induction-deduction method served to analyze the qualitative data. Results: The requisites for selection of cadres are defined in legal documents. The technical and professional formation, experience, length of time at work and recognition of performance in previous posts are considered as the most common requisites that are almost always taken into account for the promotion of a person. In the cadres´ discourses, other requisites are perceived as defining ones for such selection. Conclusions: The requisites for women and men in terms of promotion of cadres are the same according to the present national legislation, but the discourses show the influence of social and institutional cultures on the promotion. In males, the representations are associated to the women´s responsibilities in child care rather than to acceptance of androcentric culture as females do(AU)

Consensus statement for use and technical requirements of thyroid ultrasound in endocrinology units. / Criterios sobre la utilización y requerimientos técnicos de la ecografía tiroidea en los servicios de endocrinología y nutrición.

Thyroid nodule detection has increased with widespread use of ultrasound, which is currently the main tool for detection, monitoring, diagnosis and, in some instances, treatment of thyroid nodules. Knowledge of ultrasound and adequate instruction on its use require a position statement by the scientific societies concerned. The working groups on thyroid cancer and ultrasound techniques of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition have promoted this document, based on a thorough analysis of the current literature, the results of multicenter studies and expert consensus, in order to set the requirements for the best use of ultrasound in clinical practice. The objectives include the adequate framework for use of thyroid ultrasound, the technical and legal requirements, the clinical situations in which it is recommended, the levels of knowledge and learning processes, the associated responsibility, and the establishment of a standardized reporting of results and integration into hospital information systems and endocrinology units.

Propuesta de actualización de los requisitos legales exigidos para el registro sanitario de especialidades farmacéuticas en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela / Proposal for updating the norms of the pharmaceutical products review board. Legal requirements for the health register pharmaceutical specialties. Bolivarian Republic of VenezuelaUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

En Venezuela, los requisitos legales exigidos para el Registro Sanitario de medicamentos, se encuentran en las Normas de Junta Revisora de Productos Farmacéuticos, que datan del año 1998. Se propone la actualización de las normas sobre los aspectos legales, que permita tanto a la Industria Farmacéutica y al personal que labora en el ente regulador, conocer y manejar, dichos requisitos en aras de mejorar la concesión del Registro Sanitario de medicamentos en Venezuela. Así mismo, se revisan los requisitos legales exigidos por las Autoridades Sanitarias de España, México, Argentina y Estados Unidos para otorgar el Registro Sanitario. La investigación, se encuentra enmarcada en la línea de Buenas Prácticas Regulatorias, el tipo y diseño escogido desde el punto de vista del contexto y la fuente, es una investigación documental. Por los resultados obtenidos, la normativa venezolana, se encuentra dentro de una línea común con los requisitos exigidos por otras Autoridades Reguladoras. Así mismo, debido a que la mayor parte de las solicitudes devueltas obedecen a otros factores que no implican una imposibilidad de cumplimiento, la norma objeto de esta investigación no requiere una modificación significativa.

In Venezuela, the legal requirements demanded by the Sanitary Register of medicines, are contained in the Norms of the Pharmaceutical Products Review Board, dated since 1998. It is proposed to update the norms about the legal aspects that allow to the Pharmaceutical Industry and also to the employees who work in the regulatory system, to know and to handle, those requirements in order to improve the concession of the Sanitary Registry of medicines in Venezuela. Also, the legal requirements demanded by the Sanitary Authorities of Spain, Mexico, Argentina and the United States to allow the Sanitary Register are reviewed. The research, is framed in the line of Good Regulatory Practices, the type and design chosen from the point of view of context and source, is a documentary research. By the results obtained, the Venezuelan regulations, are within a common line with the requirements demanded by other Regulatory Authorities. Likewise, because of the most part of returned applications are due to other factors that do not imply an impossibility of compliance, the norm object of this investigation does not require a significant modification.

Control de calidad de la tintura al 20 por ciento de hojas de Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco) / Quality control of tincture to 20 percent obtained from the leaves of Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco)

Introducción: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco) se utiliza de forma tradicional como antiséptica, astringente, antidiarreica, antianémico y galactógeno. Por ello, se emplea en infusión y en baños para tratar la diarrea de los niños y los casos de anemia con diarrea. Hasta el momento en las fuentes consultadas no se han encontrado reportes sobre el control a los requisitos de la calidad de formulaciones farmacéuticas obtenidas a partir de esta planta. Objetivo: determinar algunos de los requisitos de calidad de la tintura al 20 por ciento obtenida de las hojas de F. occidentalis. Métodos: la planta fue colectada en la localidad de Cienaguilla, municipio Campechuela, provincia Granma, Cuba. El método de extracción aplicado fue la asistida por ultrasonido, utilizándose como menstruo una solución hidroetanólica. La determinación de los requisitos de calidad de la tintura se realizó analizándose cinco parámetros: requisitos organolépticos, pH, índice de refracción, sólidos totales y densidad relativa. Además, se emplearon métodos de análisis cromatográfico y espectroscópico para determinar la persistencia de los compuestos presentes en la tintura en un período de seis meses. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos en el control de la calidad de la tintura al 20 por ciento se encontraron dentro de los rangos de calidad establecidos por las normas utilizadas; y no presentaron diferencias significativas con los requisitos determinados en otras especies de la misma familia. Conclusiones: el control de los requisitos de calidad mostró que la tintura al 20 por ciento de las hojas de F. occidentalis, no manifestó cambios significativos en un período de seis meses que puedan comprometer su estabilidad como formulación farmacéutica. Esto indica que presenta un determinado grado de estabilidad, lo que constituye una garantía de la calidad y seguridad del producto(AU)

Introduction: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) is traditionally used as antiseptic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antianemic and galactogenous. For that reason, it is used on infusion and baths to treat the diarrhea of the children and cases of anemia with diarrhea. Heretofore in the consulted sources reports about the control of quality requirements for pharmaceutical formulations obtained starting from this plant have not been found. Objective: To determine some quality requirements of the tincture at 20 percent obtained from the leaves of F. occidentalis. Methods: The plant was collected in the Cienaguilla locality, Campechuela municipality, Granma province, Cuba. The applied extraction method was the extraction assisted by ultrasound, using as menses a hydroethanolic solution. The determination of quality requirements of the tincture was carried out analyzing five parameters: organoleptic requirements, pH, refraction index, total solids and relative density. In addition, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to determine the persistence of the present compounds in the tincture in a period of six months. Results: The results obtained in the quality control of the tincture at 20 percent were found on quality ranges established by the used regulations; and they don't show significant differences according to the requirements determined in other species of the same family. Conclusions: The control of quality requirements showed that the tincture at 20 percent of leaves of F. occidentalis did not manifest significant changes in a period of six months that can compromise his stability like pharmaceutical formulation. This indicates that it presents a certain grade of stability, what constitutes a guarantee of the quality and security of the product(AU)

Control de calidad de la tintura al 20 % de hojas de Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco) / Quality control of tincture to 20 % obtained from the leaves of Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco)

INTRODUCCIÓN: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Nabaco) se utiliza de forma tradicional como antiséptica, astringente, antidiarreica, antianémico y galactógeno. Por ello, se emplea en infusión y en baños para tratar la diarrea de los niños y los casos de anemia con diarrea. Hasta el momento en las fuentes consultadas no se han encontrado reportes sobre el control a los requisitos de la calidad de formulaciones farmacéuticas obtenidas a partir de esta planta. OBJETIVO: determinar algunos de los requisitos de calidad de la tintura al 20 % obtenida de las hojas de F. occidentalis. MÉTODOS: la planta fue colectada en la localidad de Cienaguilla, municipio Campechuela, provincia Granma, Cuba. El método de extracción aplicado fue la asistida por ultrasonido, utilizándose como menstruo una solución hidroetanólica. La determinación de los requisitos de calidad de la tintura se realizó analizándose cinco parámetros: requisitos organolépticos, pH, índice de refracción, sólidos totales y densidad relativa. Además, se emplearon métodos de análisis cromatográfico y espectroscópico para determinar la persistencia de los compuestos presentes en la tintura en un período de seis meses. RESULTADOS: los resultados obtenidos en el control de la calidad de la tintura al 20 % se encontraron dentro de los rangos de calidad establecidos por las normas utilizadas; y no presentaron diferencias significativas con los requisitos determinados en otras especies de la misma familia. CONCLUSIONES: el control de los requisitos de calidad mostró que la tintura al 20 % de las hojas de F. occidentalis, no manifestó cambios significativos en un período de seis meses que puedan comprometer su estabilidad como formulación farmacéutica. Esto indica que presenta un determinado grado de estabilidad, lo que constituye una garantía de la calidad y seguridad del producto.

INTRODUCTION: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) is traditionally used as antiseptic, astringent, antidiarrheal, antianemic and galactogenous. For that reason, it is used on infusion and baths to treat the diarrhea of the children and cases of anemia with diarrhea. Heretofore in the consulted sources reports about the control of quality requirements for pharmaceutical formulations obtained starting from this plant have not been found. OBJECTIVE: To determine some quality requirements of the tincture at 20 % obtained from the leaves of F. occidentalis. METHODS: The plant was collected in the Cienaguilla locality, Campechuela municipality, Granma province, Cuba. The applied extraction method was the extraction assisted by ultrasound, using as menses a hydroethanolic solution. The determination of quality requirements of the tincture was carried out analyzing five parameters: organoleptic requirements, pH, refraction index, total solids and relative density. In addition, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used to determine the persistence of the present compounds in the tincture in a period of six months. RESULTS: The results obtained in the quality control of the tincture at 20 % were found on quality ranges established by the used regulations; and they don't show significant differences according to the requirements determined in other species of the same family. CONCLUSIONS: The control of quality requirements showed that the tincture at 20 % of leaves of F. occidentalis did not manifest significant changes in a period of six months that can compromise his stability like pharmaceutical formulation. This indicates that it presents a certain grade of stability, what constitutes a guarantee of the quality and security of the product.

Requerimientos de calidad en hemostasia: Variabilidad biológica versus estado actual de la metodología / Quality requirements in hemostasis: Biological variability versus the state of art / Requisitos de qualidade em hemostasia: Variabilidade Biológica versus o Estado atual da metodología

El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar los requerimientos de calidad (RC) de Variabilidad Biológica (VB) con el Estado Actual de la Metodología (EA) en ocho analitos de hemostasia. Se determinó el EA calculando el Coeficiente de Variación promedio ponderado (CVpp) de al menos 6 evaluaciones externas: RIQAS (ET1) y CAP (ET2). Los datos de Error Total aceptable (ETa) por VB mínimo (VBm) y deseable (VBd) se calcularon a partir de los CV intra e inter individuos reportados en www.westgard.com. Los datos obtenidos: Tiempo de Protrombina (TP segundos): ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 19%, ET2 13%; Tiempo parcial de tromboplastina activada: (APTT segundos): ETVBm 6,7%, ETVBd 4,5%, ET1 23%, ET2 11%. INR: ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; Fibrinógeno: ETVBm 20,4%, ETVBd13,6%, ET 10%, ET2 16%, FVIII: ETVBm13,3%, ETVBd 8,9%, ET1 30%, ET2 45%, FVII ETVBm16,1%, ETVBd 10,7%, ET1 31%, ET2 42%, Proteína C cromogénica (PCc) ETVBm 28%, ETVBd 18,7%, ET1 36%, ET2 25%; Proteína S libre (PSl ): ETVBm 31,1%, ETVBd 20,7%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%; Antitrombina cromogénica (ATc): ETVBm 12,5%, ETVBd 8,9%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%. Los únicos analitos que cumplen con el requerimiento de calidad de VBm o VBd son: fibrinógeno, PC y PS. Si bien cada laboratorio puede decidir las especificaciones de calidad que desea aplicar, la cuestión a debatir es: "cuál es el requerimiento de calidad deseable para la utilidad clínica de estos ensayos".

The aim of this work was to compare the quality requirements of biological variability (BV) with the state of the art (SA) in eight hemostasis analytes. SA was determined by calculating the weighted average coefficient of vari ation (CVwa) of at least 6 external evaluations: RIQAS (ET1) and CAP (ET2). Data acceptable total error (TEa) for minimum and desirable biological variability (VBm y VBd) was calculated from the coefficient of variation (CV) within-subject and between subject www.westgard.com reported. The following was the data : Prothrombin time ( PT second): ETVBm 7.9%, ETVBd 5.3%, ET1 19%, ET2 13%; Activated partial thromboplastin time (second APTT): ETVBm 6.7%, ETVBd 4.5%, ET1 23%, ET2 11%; INR: ETVBm 7.9%, ETVBd 5.3%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; Fibrinogen: ETVBm 20.4% ETVBd 13.6% ET1 20%, ET2 16%, FVIII: ETVBm 13.3%, ETVBd 8.9%, ET1 30%, ET2 45% ; FVII: ETVBm 16.1%, ETVBd 10.7%, ET1 31%, ET2 42%; chromogenic Protein C (PCc): ETVBm 28%, ETVBd 18.7%, ET1 36%, ET2 25%; free Protein S (PSf ): ETVBm 31.1% ETVBd 20.7%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%; chromogenic Antithrombin (ATc): ETVBm 12.5%, ETVBd8.9%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%.The only analytes that meet the VBm or VBd quality requirement are fibrinogen, PC and PS. While each laboratory can decide the quality specifications it wants to apply, the issue to be discussed is: "what is the desirable quality requirement for clinical usefulness of these tests?"

O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar os requisitos de qualidade (RQ) de variabilidade biológica (VB) com o estado atual da metodologia (EA) em oito analitos de hemostasia. Foi determinada a EA através do cálculo do coeficiente de variação médio ponderado (CVmp) de pelo menos 6 avaliações externas: RIQAS (ET1) e CAP (ET2). Os dados de erro total admissível (ETa) para VB mínimo desejável (VBm) e (VBd) foram calculados a partir do CV intra e inter indivíduos reportados em www.westgard.com. Os dados obtidos: Tempo de Protrombina (TP segundos) ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 19%, ET2 13% ; Tempo parcial de tromboplastina ativada (APTT segundos): ETVBm 6,7%, ETVBd 4,5%, ET1 23%, ET2 11%; INR: ETVBm 7,9%, ETVBd 5,3%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; Fibrinogênio: ETVBm 20.4%, ETVBd 13,6%, ET1 20%, ET2 16%; FVIII: ETVBm 13,3%, ETVBd 8,9%, ET1 30%, ET2 45%; FVII: ETVBm 16,1%, ETVBd 10,7%, ET1 31%, ET2 42%; Proteína C cromogênica (PCc): ETVBm 28% ETVBd 18,7%, ET1: 36%, ET2: 25%; Proteína S livre (PSl ): ETVBm: 31,1%, ETVBd 20,7%, ET1: 18%, ET2: 28%; Antitrombina cromogênica (ATc): ETVBm12,5%, ETVBd 8.9%, ET1 18%, ET2 28%. Os únicos analitos que atendem o requisito de qualidade de VBm ou VBd são: fibrinogênio, PC e PS. Embora cada laboratório possa decidir as especificações de qualidade que deseja aplicar, a questão a ser discutida é "qual é o requisito de qualidade desejável para a utilidade clínica destes testes?".

[Consensus statement for accreditation of multidisciplinary thyroid cancer units]. / Declaración de consenso para la acreditación de unidades multidisciplinares en cáncer de tiroides.

Thyroid cancer is the leading endocrine system tumor. Great advances have recently been made in understanding of the origin of these tumors and the molecular biology that makes them grow and proliferate, which have been associated to improvements in diagnostic procedures and increased availability of effective local and systemic treatments. All of the above makes thyroid cancer a paradigm of how different specialties should work together to achieve the greatest benefit for the patients. Coordination of all the procedures and patient flows should continue throughout diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, and is essential for further optimization of resources and time. This manuscript was prepared at the request of the Working Group on Thyroid Cancer of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition, and is aimed to provide a consensus document on the definition, composition, requirements, structure, and operation of a multidisciplinary team for the comprehensive care of patients with thyroid cancer. For this purpose, we have included contributions by several professionals from different specialties with experience in thyroid cancer treatment at centers where multidisciplinary teams have been working for years, with the aim of developing a practical consensus applicable in clinical practice.

Minimum area requirements for an at-risk butterfly based on movement and demography.

Determining the minimum area required to sustain populations has a long history in theoretical and conservation biology. Correlative approaches are often used to estimate minimum area requirements (MARs) based on relationships between area and the population size required for persistence or between species' traits and distribution patterns across landscapes. Mechanistic approaches to estimating MAR facilitate prediction across space and time but are few. We used a mechanistic MAR model to determine the critical minimum patch size (CMP) for the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton), a locally abundant species in decline along its southern range, and sister to several federally listed species. Our CMP is based on principles of diffusion, where individuals in smaller patches encounter edges and leave with higher probability than those in larger patches, potentially before reproducing. We estimated a CMP for the Baltimore checkerspot of 0.7-1.5 ha, in accordance with trait-based MAR estimates. The diffusion rate on which we based this CMP was broadly similar when estimated at the landscape scale (comparing flight path vs. capture-mark-recapture data), and the estimated population growth rate was consistent with observed site trends. Our mechanistic approach to estimating MAR is appropriate for species whose movement follows a correlated random walk and may be useful where landscape-scale distributions are difficult to assess, but demographic and movement data are obtainable from a single site or the literature. Just as simple estimates of lambda are often used to assess population viability, the principles of diffusion and CMP could provide a starting place for estimating MAR for conservation.

Emergência de relações monetáriaspor meio do procedimento de ensinode escolha com o modelo com respostaconstruída para crianças surdas / Emergency monetary relations through constructed response matchingto sample with deaf children

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o efeito de um procedimento de ensino de escolha com o modelo com resposta construída sobre aprendizagem de relações monetárias. Participaram seis crianças, com surdez neurosensorial congênita e com surdez profunda, com repertório mínimo de LIBRAS e distribuídas em dois grupos em função do desempenho no pré-teste de habilidades matemáticas: I) acertos de pelo menos 80%, e, II) acertos com desempenho de até 20%. Houve ensino entre valores em LIBRAS e preços (AB), figuras de moedas (AC), seguidos de testes com as relações simétricas (BA e CA) e testes entre preços e figuras de moedas (BC), a relação inversa (CB), entre figuras de notas e preços (DB), entre figura de moedas (CC) e figuras de notas (DD). Nos testes, em ambos os grupos, houve emergência de relações condicionais entre numerais decimais e valores monetários em LIBRAS e entre figuras de moedas e valores monetários em LIBRAS. Isso indica que, independentemente do repertório inicial, houve aprendizagem deste tipo de relação condicional monetária, sendo discutível a exigência de pré-requisitos. Nos testes houve variabilidade no responder, o que pode ter ocorrido em função da maior complexidade das relações envolvidas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a teaching procedure of constructed response matching to sample (CRMTS) on learning monetary relations. Six deaf children divided into two groups. They were taught via CRMTS about values in Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) and their relations to prices and pictures of coins, followed by testing in symmetrical relations (BA and CA) and tests between prices and pictures of coins (BC), the inverse (CB), facsimile of Brazilian real bills and prices (DB), between pictures of coins (CC) and pictures of facsimile of Brazilian real bills (DD). In tests, in both groups, there was the emergence of conditional relations between prices and monetary values in LIBRAS and between pictures of coins and monetary values in LIBRAS. This indicates that, regardless of the initial repertoire of the participants were learning about this type of conditional monetary. In tests there was variability in responses what may have occurred because of these relations involve greater complexity.(AU)